The transistor, an invention that heralded a new era in electronics, is the key component of practically all integrated circuits (ICs) and microprocessors. The point-contact transistor that Walter H.

Toshiba Corporation has launched a new series of CMOS multi-function gate logic devices that support 5V systems and that are housed in small packages suitable for mobile devices such as mobile phones, ...

Using just two NAND or inverter gates its possible to build a D type (or ‘toggle’) flip-flop with a push-button input. At power-up the output of gate N2 is at a logical ‘1’, ensuring that transistor T2 ...

Any typical digital design style with CMOS uses complementary pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFETs for logic functions implementation. Naturally, CMOS always ought to provide INVERTED outputs like ...

Density and speed of IC’s have increased exponentially for several decades, following a trend described by Moore’s Law. While it is accepted that this exponential improvement trend will end, it is ...

On the path to exploring complex logic, let’s discuss the electrical properties that digital logic signals are comprised of. While there are many types of digital signals, here we are talking about ...

I fear the topic of this column is poised to unleash a tsunami of controversy. My engineering accomplice Joe Farr says that this is one of those topics that, when presented to 10 different engineers, ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...