At the heart of all lithium-ion batteries is a simple reaction: Lithium ions dissolved in an electrolyte solution "intercalate" or insert themselves into a solid electrode during battery discharge.

Multi-electron reaction is defined as a reaction in which more than one electron is transferred per active material molecule. VOPO 4, a typical class of multi-electron reaction cathode material with V ...

Scientists in China designed a suplhuer-based redox flow battery with a peak power density of 95.7 mW cm2 and an average energy efficiency of 76.5% at 30 mA cm2 within 50 cycles. A group of scientists ...