Let $\{W(t), 0 \leqq t < \infty\}$ be the standard Wiener process. The computation schemes developed in the past are not computationally efficient for the absorption ...

Burbidge, E. M., Tucson Conference on Seyfert Galaxies and Related Objects, Astronomical Journal (in the press). Braccesi, A., Lynds, C. R., and Sandage, A., Ap. J ...

We consider a system of particles which perform branching Brownian motion with negative drift and are killed upon reaching zero, in the near-critical regime where the total population stays roughly ...

Conversely, if energy is injected into the system, the occupation probability of the upper level increases. If it surpasses the occupation probability of the lower level, population inversion occurs ...

Absorption spectroscopy is an analytical chemistry tool that can determine if a particular substance is present in a sample by measuring the intensity of the light absorbed as a function of wavelength ...

The outcomes of rolling a six-sided die are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. A probability of zero means an outcome is impossible. A probability of 1 means an outcome is certain ...