The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine. One July afternoon in 2024, Ryan Williams set out to prove himself wrong. Two months had passed since he’d hit upon a startling ...
New York City runs on algorithms, at least 46 different algorithmic tools to be exact. Behind the rapid expansion of these tools is an example of how America’s biggest city is aiming to be transparent ...
When scientists test algorithms that sort or classify data, they often turn to a trusted tool called Normalized Mutual Information (or NMI) to measure how well an algorithm's output matches reality.