The function of the lower urinary tract — to store and periodically eliminate urine — seems simple, but its neuronal control is complex and not fully understood, and dysfunction is common. Functional ...

Various nerves control bladder and bowel function, including the spinal cord, cauda equina, pudendal nerves, and the enteric nervous system, a nerve network in the walls of the digestive tract. These ...

The urinary system helps maintain the volume and chemical composition of fluids in the body. One of the main organs in the system are the kidneys, which filter waste products out of the body through ...

Although the urinary bladder urothelium has classically been thought of as a passive barrier to ions and solutes, a number of novel properties have been recently attributed to urothelial cells.