A new Microsoft Research study reveals 40 jobs AI can't replace in 2025 — roles demanding physical precision, real-world judgement, and human connection. From phlebotomists to roofers and surgical assistants,

As you can see, most of the jobs here are so-called “knowledge economy” jobs—careers that involve learning about, analyzing, and communicating specialized information. On the other hand, the jobs that don’t have much AI applicability are decidedly more blue-collar. They are as follows:

Researchers at Microsoft have tried to figure out which jobs are most and least likely to be replaced by generative AI.